Semen Plantaginis

Tóm tắt

Hạt mã đề (Semen Plantaginis), thuộc họ Plantaginaceae, là một dược liệu phổ biến trong y học cổ truyền và dân gian. Loài cây này phân bố rộng rãi trên thế giới, bao gồm các khu vực thuộc châu Á, châu Âu, châu Phi, và châu Mỹ. Tại Việt Nam, mã đề mọc hoang và được trồng phổ biến ở khắp các vùng. Theo kinh nghiệm dân gian, hạt mã đề có nhiều công dụng trong việc điều trị các bệnh lý liên quan đến trị chứng thấp nhiệt ở bàng quang, đái nhỏ giọt, tắc và phù thũng, cầm tiêu chảy, trị nôn, tiêu chảy mùa hè, tiểu tiện không lợi, chữa đái tháo đường, thích hợp cho phụ nữ bị viêm tử cung, huyết trắng. Tác dụng dược lý của mã đề bao gồm lợi tiểu, kháng sinh, hạ huyết áp và hỗ trợ điều trị lỵ cấp và mạn tính. Thành phần hóa học chủ yếu của mã đề là aucubin và plantaginin, ngoài ra ở hạt mã đề còn có các thành phần chất nhầy, axit plantenolic, adenin và cholin. Với những đặc tính này, lá mã đề là một dược liệu quan trọng trong điều trị nhiều chứng bệnh, giúp cải thiện sức khỏe và hỗ trợ điều trị các vấn đề sức khoẻ.

I. Thông tin về dược liệu

Định danh

• Dược liệu tiếng Việt: Mã Đề - Hạt
• Dược liệu tiếng Trung: nan (nan)
• Dược liệu tiếng Anh: nan
• Dược liệu latin thông dụng: Semen Plantaginis
• Dược liệu latin kiểu DĐVN: nan
• Dược liệu latin kiểu DĐVN: nan
• Dược liệu latin kiểu thông tư: nan
• Bộ phận dùng: Hạt (Semen)

Mô tả dược liệu

Theo dược điển Việt nam V: nan

Mô tả dược liệu theo thông tư chế biến dược liệu theo phương pháp cổ truyền: nan

Chế biến

Chế biến theo dược điển việt nam V: nan

Chế biến theo thông tư: nan

II. Thông tin về thực vật

Dược liệu Mã Đề - Hạt từ bộ phận Hạt từ loài Plantago major.

Mô tả thực vật: Là loại cây cỏ sống lâu năm, thân ngắn, lá mọc thành cụm ở gốc, cuống dài, phiến lá hình thìa hay hình trứng, có gân dọc theo sống lá và đồng quy ở ngọn và gốc lá. Hoa mọc thành bông, có cán dài, xuất phát từ kẽ lá. Hoa đều, lưỡng tính, đài 4, xếp chéo, hơi đính nhau ở gốc, tràng màu nâu tồn tại, gồm 4 thuỳ nằm xen kẽ ở giữa các lá đài. Nhị 4 chỉ nhị mảnh, dài, 2 lá noãn, chứa nhiều tiểu noãn. Quả hộp trong chứa nhiều hạt màu nâu đen bóng.

Tài liệu tham khảo: “Những cây thuốc và vị thuốc Việt Nam” - Đỗ Tất Lợi Trong dược điển Việt nam, loài Plantago major được sử dụng làm dược liệu.

Phân loại thực vật của Plantago major

Kingdom: Plantae

Phylum: Tracheophyta

Order: Lamiales

Family: Plantaginaceae

Genus: Plantago

Species: Plantago major

Phân bố trên thế giới: Germany, Switzerland, Haiti, Chile, Netherlands, Spain, Mexico, Chinese Taipei, Colombia, Sweden, Hong Kong, South Africa, Australia, Russian Federation, Portugal, Honduras, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Brazil, Argentina, Ukraine, Thailand, United States of America, China, Norway, New Zealand, Canada, Ecuador, Greece, Puerto Rico, Denmark, Austria

Phân bố tại Việt nam: Không có ghi nhận ở Việt Nam

III. Thành phần hóa học

Theo tài liệu của GS. Đỗ Tất Lợi: Toàn cây chứa: aucubin, plantaginin Ngoài ra, Trong lá có thêm : chất nhầy, chất đắng, carotin, vitamin C, vitamin K, vitamin T, axit citric.

Theo cơ sở dữ liệu lotus, loài Plantago major đã phân lập và xác định được 159 hoạt chất thuộc về các nhóm Cinnamic acids and derivatives, Benzofurans, Flavonoids, Tannins, Steroids and steroid derivatives, Carboxylic acids and derivatives, Organooxygen compounds, Benzene and substituted derivatives, Saturated hydrocarbons, Fatty Acyls, Hydroxy acids and derivatives, Phenols, Prenol lipids trong bảng dưới đây.

chemicalTaxonomyClassyfireClass	smiles_count
Benzene and substituted derivatives	129
Benzofurans	64
Carboxylic acids and derivatives	85
Cinnamic acids and derivatives	4363
Fatty Acyls	62
Flavonoids	1274
Hydroxy acids and derivatives	38
Organooxygen compounds	1402
Phenols	14
Prenol lipids	2284
Saturated hydrocarbons	295
Steroids and steroid derivatives	348
Tannins	818

Danh sách chi tiết các hoạt chất như sau:

Nhóm Benzene and substituted derivatives.

Nhóm Benzofurans.

Nhóm Carboxylic acids and derivatives.

Nhóm Cinnamic acids and derivatives.

Nhóm Fatty Acyls.

Nhóm Flavonoids.

Nhóm Hydroxy acids and derivatives.

Nhóm Organooxygen compounds.

Nhóm Phenols.

Nhóm Prenol lipids.

Nhóm Saturated hydrocarbons.

Nhóm Steroids and steroid derivatives.

Nhóm Tannins.

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IV. Tác dụng dược lý

Theo tài liệu quốc tế: nan

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V. Dược điển Việt Nam V

Soi bột

nan

Vi phẫu

nan

Định tính

nan

Định lượng

nan

Thông tin khác

• Độ ẩm: nan
• Bảo quản: nan

VI. Dược điển Hồng kong

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VII. Y dược học cổ truyền

nan

Tên vị thuốc: nan

Tính: nan

Vị: nan

Quy kinh: nan

Công năng chủ trị: nan

Phân loại theo thông tư: nan

Tác dụng theo y dược cổ truyền: nan

Chú ý: nan

Kiêng kỵ: nan

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Benzene and substituted derivatives là syringic acid (LTS0210036), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (LTS0170793), benzoic acid (LTS0145871), galop (LTS0222857), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (LTS0263634), vanillic acid (LTS0229113), salicyclic acid (LTS0116548).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Benzofurans là loliolide (LTS0254454), loliolide (LTS0119422).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Carboxylic acids and derivatives là citric acid (LTS0213921), fumaric acid (LTS0114831), malonic acid (LTS0195913), succinic acid (LTS0237204), butenedioic acid (LTS0069098).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Cinnamic acids and derivatives là (2r,3r,4r,5r,6r)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl (2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0133938), 6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0255997), methyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0080306), 6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0133175), 5-hydroxy-6-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0108163), [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl (2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0060369), ferulic acid (LTS0077328), (2r,3r,4r,5r,6r)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl (2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0178188), (3r,4r,6r)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-{[(2s,3s,5r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl (2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0063526), verbascoside (LTS0168159), 6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0119924), (2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl (2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0060181), {3,5-dihydroxy-6-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl}methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0046498), cinnamic acid (LTS0128130), {6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-2-yl}methyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0270785), [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl (2e)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0243585), {3,5-dihydroxy-6-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-2-yl}methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0151863), ethyl caffeate (LTS0147324), (2r,3r,4r,5r,6r)-6-[(2r)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl (2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0148011), methyl caffeate (LTS0163009), [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl (2e)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0242289), phenylacrylic acid (LTS0097258), {6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl}methyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0179931), calceolarioside b (LTS0180020), [(2r,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-{[(2s,3s,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl (2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0275867), ethyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0196241), [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl (2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0075267), {6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl}methyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0224256), [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-{[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl (2e)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0195688), para-coumaric acid (LTS0266252), (2r,3r,4r,5r,6r)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl (2e)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0218569), {6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-2-yl}methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0025301), [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4-{[(2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl (2e)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0225069), 2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0249969), 6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0050472), 6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0063413), hellicoside (LTS0174069), (2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl (2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0183723), hydroxycinnamic acid (LTS0233023), 2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0020717), (2r,3r,4r,5r,6r)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-{[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl (2e)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0036801), [(2s,4ar,6r,7s,8s,8ar)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-hexahydro-2h-pyrano[2,3-b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl]methyl (2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0012177), [(4ar,6r,7s,8s,8ar)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-hexahydro-2h-pyrano[2,3-b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl]methyl (2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0042103), (2r,3s,4r,5r,6r)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl (2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0061085), [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl (2e)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0003736), [(2r,3s,4s,5s,6s)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4-{[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl (2e)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0001359), [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-4-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl (2e)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0018395), (2r,3r,4r,5r,6r)-5-hydroxy-6-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-{[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl (2e)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0105864), ferulic acid (LTS0273002), plantamajoside (LTS0032137), [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-{[(2r,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]methyl (2e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0126301), [2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-hexahydro-2h-pyrano[2,3-b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl]methyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (LTS0043685).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Fatty Acyls là methyl (9r,11z)-9-hydroxyoctadec-11-enoate (LTS0172883), methyl 9-hydroxyoctadec-11-enoate (LTS0241479).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Flavonoids là quercetin (LTS0004651), (2s)-2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-{[(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzopyran-4-one (LTS0132976), nepitrin (LTS0032877), luteolin 7-o-glucuronide (LTS0081420), rutin (LTS0042292), hyperoside (LTS0089156), plantagoside (LTS0089096), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-4-one (LTS0195312), chamomile (LTS0104946), 5,6-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}chromen-4-one (LTS0273859), homoplantaginin (LTS0142016), isorhamnetin (LTS0107505), plantaginin (LTS0093185), luteolin 7-o-glucoside (LTS0227450), plantagoside (LTS0036853), hispidulin (LTS0135598), luteolin (LTS0017052), 3-rutinosyl quercetin (LTS0032845), scutellarein (LTS0136843).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Hydroxy acids and derivatives là (-)-malic acid (LTS0128885), malic acid (LTS0216520).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Organooxygen compounds là asperuloside (LTS0072898), 3-{[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}-1,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (LTS0143901), asperuloside (LTS0186128), chlorogenic acid (LTS0226495), (2r)-2-{[(1r,2s,6s)-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.0²,⁴]dec-7-en-10-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol (LTS0137228), 2-({5,6-dihydroxy-2-methyl-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.0²,⁴]dec-7-en-10-yl}oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol (LTS0193871), methyl (1s,4as,6s)-7-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-6-hydroxy-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,4ah,5h,6h-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate (LTS0211713), methyl (1s,4as,6s)-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,4ah,5h,6h-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate (LTS0179065), (2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(1s,2s,4s,5s,6s,10s)-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.0²,⁴]dec-7-en-10-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol (LTS0161967), catalpol (LTS0114481), (1s,4as,6s,7as)-6-hydroxy-7-methylidene-1-{[(2s,3s,4r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,4ah,5h,6h,7ah-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid (LTS0161312), (-)-tartaric acid (LTS0214562), neochlorogenic acid (LTS0235816), methyl (1s,4as,6s)-6-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,4ah,5h,6h-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate (LTS0036023), (.+-.)-tartaric acid (LTS0061981), methyl 6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,4ah,5h,6h-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate (LTS0004188), antirrhinoside (LTS0029316), methyl 7-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-6-hydroxy-1-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,4ah,5h,6h-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate (LTS0231762), methyl (1s,6s)-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,4ah,5h,6h-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate (LTS0231638), [(4r,7s,8s,11s)-2-oxo-8-{[(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,9-dioxatricyclo[5.3.1.0⁴,¹¹]undeca-1(10),5-dien-6-yl]methyl acetate (LTS0027889).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Phenols là tyrosol (LTS0132195).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Prenol lipids là ursolic acid (LTS0250838), 10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,12b,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1h-picene-4a-carboxylic acid (LTS0166564), (2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-{[(1s,4as,5r)-5-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1h,4ah,5h,7ah-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol (LTS0057185), amyrin (LTS0222826), (2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(1s,4as,5r,7ar)-5-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,5h,7ah-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4a-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol (LTS0076965), aucubin (LTS0183892), 7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,4ah,5h,7ah-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid (LTS0040826), (1r,4ar,7ar)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,4ah,5h,7ah-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid (LTS0131568), (1s,4as,7s,7as)-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-{[(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,4ah,5h,6h,7ah-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carbaldehyde (LTS0076589), β-amyrin (LTS0251864), [(1s,4as,5r,7as)-5-hydroxy-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,4ah,5h,7ah-cyclopenta[c]pyran-7-yl]methyl benzoate (LTS0104899), lupeol (LTS0256952), (1s,4ar,7r,7ar)-4a-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-{[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,5h,6h,7h,7ah-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carbaldehyde (LTS0116327), geniposidic acid (LTS0051067), (6ar,6br,8ar,14br)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,12,14b-heptamethyl-11-methylidene-hexadecahydropicen-3-ol (LTS0274865), (1s,2r,4as,6as,6br,8ar,10s,12ar,12br,14bs)-10-(acetyloxy)-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,12b,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1h-picene-4a-carboxylic acid (LTS0176916), taraxasterol (LTS0006950), (1s,4as,7as)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-{[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,4ah,5h,7ah-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid (LTS0033871), oleanolic acid (LTS0141130), (1s,2r,4as,6as,6br,8ar,10s,12ar,12br,14br)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,12b,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1h-picene-4a-carboxylic acid (LTS0009094), aucubin (LTS0010822), (2s,3s,4s,5s,6s)-2-{[(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(1s,4ar,5r,7ar)-5-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-{[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,5h,7ah-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4a-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol (LTS0232202), (2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-{[(1s,4as,5r,7as)-5-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1h,4ah,5h,7ah-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol (LTS0263696), (2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(1s,4ar,5r,7as)-5-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1h,4ah,5h,7ah-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxy}-6-({[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol (LTS0017108), oleanolic acid (LTS0117717).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Saturated hydrocarbons là hexacosane (LTS0079361), nonacosane (LTS0062747), tritriacontane (LTS0203319), tetratriacontane (LTS0215630), pentacosane (LTS0080764), dotriacontane (LTS0101459), heptacosane (LTS0150428), triacontane (LTS0250709), hentriacontane (LTS0046415), octacosane (LTS0242387).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Steroids and steroid derivatives là stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3β)- (LTS0204616), stigmast-5-en-3-ol (LTS0071224), phytosterol (LTS0029311), (1r,3as,3bs,7s,9bs)-1-[(2r,5r)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-ol (LTS0057877), campesterol (LTS0046755).

Cấu trúc hóa học của các hoạt chất thuộc nhóm Tannins là 3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0076562), (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5,6-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)oxan-4-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0113903), 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5,6-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)oxan-4-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0232193), (2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0216134), (2s,4s,5s,10s)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-10-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.0²,⁴]dec-7-en-5-yl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate (LTS0146787), 3,4,5-tris(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0226232), (2s,3r,4r,5r,6r)-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)methyl]oxan-2-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (LTS0245464).